France downgraded its membership in NATO, effectively withdrawing from its military command structure, due to President Charles de Gaulle's dissatisfaction with the organization's leadership and structure.
Reasons for France's Departure
Several factors contributed to France's decision to leave NATO's integrated military command in 1966:
- Refusal to Integrate Nuclear Deterrent: De Gaulle opposed integrating France's nuclear deterrent with other North Atlantic powers. France wanted to maintain independent control over its nuclear weapons program.
- Resistance to Collective Control of the Army: France was unwilling to accept any collective form of control over its army, desiring to maintain its sovereignty and autonomy in military matters.
- Souring Relations with Washington: Relations between France and the United States had deteriorated. De Gaulle sought to assert France's independence on the world stage and reduce its reliance on the United States.
Key Events and Decisions
The key event that marked France's changed relationship with NATO was De Gaulle's 1966 decision. This decision resulted in:
- The removal of NATO's Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) from France.
- The withdrawal of French officers from NATO commands.
France's Relationship with NATO After 1966
Although France withdrew from NATO's integrated military command, it remained a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. This meant that France continued to participate in NATO's political activities and remained committed to the collective defense of Europe under Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty. France fully rejoined NATO's integrated military command in 2009.
