Natural gas is extracted from the earth and used primarily as a fuel source. Here's how it works, focusing on the extraction and usage process:
Conventional Natural Gas Extraction
Typically, conventional natural gas is found in underground reservoirs and flows quite easily up through wells to the surface. This is because the gas is under pressure and can travel through permeable rocks.
Unconventional Natural Gas Extraction (Hydraulic Fracturing)
In some regions, particularly in the United States and some other countries, natural gas is trapped in shale and other tight sedimentary rock formations. Extracting it involves a process called hydraulic fracturing or "fracking."
Hydraulic Fracturing Process:
- Well Drilling: A well is drilled down to reach the shale or rock formations.
- High-Pressure Injection: Large volumes of water, chemicals, and sand are pumped down the well under very high pressure.
- Fracturing: This high-pressure injection causes fractures in the rock, creating pathways for the gas to escape.
- Gas Extraction: The natural gas then flows up the well to the surface.
How Natural Gas is Used
Once extracted, natural gas is processed and then primarily used for:
- Heating: Homes and buildings use natural gas for heating systems.
- Electricity Generation: Natural gas is burned to create steam that drives turbines in power plants, generating electricity.
- Industrial Processes: Many industries use natural gas for heat in manufacturing processes, for example in the production of chemicals and metals.
- Transportation: In some cases, natural gas is used as a fuel for vehicles.
Natural Gas Overview
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Conventional Gas | Flows readily up wells from permeable reservoirs. |
| Unconventional Gas | Extracted from tight formations through hydraulic fracturing (fracking). |
| Extraction Methods | Drilling wells for conventional gas; hydraulic fracturing for shale and other tight formations. |
| Primary Uses | Heating, electricity generation, industrial processes, and sometimes as a transportation fuel. |
Natural gas is a significant component of global energy production, with extraction methods varying based on the geological context of deposits.
