The nervous system is primarily classified into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Here's a breakdown:
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Central Nervous System (CNS): This division acts as the control center, integrating and processing information. It consists of:
- The brain, which is responsible for higher-level functions like thought, memory, and emotion.
- The spinal cord, which serves as a conduit for signals between the brain and the rest of the body and controls reflexes.
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): This division connects the CNS to the limbs and organs, relaying information back and forth. It is further subdivided into:
- Somatic Nervous System: Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
- Autonomic Nervous System: Regulates involuntary functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing. The autonomic nervous system is further divided into:
- Sympathetic Nervous System: Prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses.
- Parasympathetic Nervous System: Promotes "rest and digest" functions.
- Enteric Nervous System: Controls the gastrointestinal system, often referred to as the "second brain."
In summary, the classification of the nervous system provides a structured understanding of its components and their roles in controlling bodily functions.
