What is FTP in Computer Network?

FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between computers over a TCP/IP based network like the internet. It establishes two connections: one for sending commands and another for transferring data, ensuring efficient and reliable file transmission.

How FTP Works

FTP works by creating two separate connections between the client (your computer) and the server (the computer hosting the files).

• Command Connection: This connection handles the commands you send, such as GET (to download a file) or PUT (to upload a file). This connection remains open throughout the file transfer session.
• Data Connection: This connection is used for the actual transfer of the file's data itself. This connection is established when a data transfer command is issued and is closed once the file transfer is complete.

This two-connection approach ensures that commands and data are handled independently, making the file transfer process more robust and less prone to errors.

Uses of FTP

FTP finds applications in numerous scenarios:

• File Sharing: Transferring files between personal computers or work devices.
• Web Hosting: Uploading website files (HTML, images, scripts, etc.) to a web server.
• Data Backup: Transferring backups to a remote server for redundancy and security.
• Software Distribution: Distributing software updates and patches to users.
• Data Collaboration: Sharing project files between team members.

FTP vs. Other Protocols

While FTP is commonly used, other protocols like HTTP (used for web browsing) can also transfer files. However, FTP offers features specifically designed for efficient and reliable file transfer, such as resuming interrupted downloads and supporting various file transfer modes (binary or ASCII).

Security Considerations

Traditional FTP transmits usernames and passwords in plain text, making it vulnerable to interception. Secure FTP (SFTP) and FTPS (FTP over SSL/TLS) are more secure alternatives that encrypt the data transmitted.

In summary: FTP is a reliable and widely used protocol for transferring files over a network. Understanding its functionalities and security aspects is crucial for efficient and secure file exchange.