A physical layer example is Ethernet, a common networking technology that defines how data is transmitted over cables. Other examples include fiber cables, Integrated Services Digital networks (ISDN), Universal Serial Bus (USB), Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. These physical layer protocols determine the physical characteristics of data transmission, such as the type of cable, signal type, and voltage levels.
These protocols are essential for establishing a connection between devices and ensuring data is transmitted accurately. Physical layer protocols also define the physical components used in networking, such as network interface cards (NICs), connectors, and cables. These components are responsible for converting data from the digital domain to an analog format suitable for transmission over a physical medium.
