Subnetting is used to make networks more efficient and manageable. It divides a single network into smaller, logical subnets, allowing for better organization, improved performance, and enhanced security.
Here's a breakdown of the key reasons:
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Improved Network Performance: By dividing a large network into smaller subnets, network traffic is localized. This means less broadcast traffic across the entire network, reducing congestion and improving overall speed and performance. Data packets travel shorter distances to reach their destinations, minimizing delays.
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Enhanced Security: Subnets can be used to isolate sensitive parts of a network. For example, a database server can be placed on a separate subnet with stricter access controls, limiting potential damage if another part of the network is compromised.
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Simplified Network Management: Smaller networks are inherently easier to manage. Subnetting allows network administrators to organize network devices into logical groups, making it simpler to troubleshoot problems, apply security policies, and allocate resources.
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Efficient Use of IP Addresses: Without subnetting, an organization would have to use an entire class A, B, or C network address range, even if it only needs a fraction of the available addresses. Subnetting allows for the efficient allocation of IP addresses, preventing wastage and allowing more organizations to obtain network address ranges.
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Network Segmentation: Subnets can be designed based on departmental functions, geographical locations, or other logical groupings. This segmentation enhances organizational flexibility and facilitates network maintenance. For example, the marketing department could be on one subnet, while the engineering department is on another.
In summary, subnetting is a crucial network design technique that enhances performance, security, manageability, and IP address utilization by dividing a large network into smaller, more manageable subnetworks.
