A bleed between the brain and the skull is typically referred to as a hematoma, most commonly a subdural hematoma or an epidural hematoma. These occur when blood vessels rupture due to trauma, leading to blood accumulation.
Types of Bleeds Between the Brain and the Skull:
| Type of Hematoma | Location of Bleed | Common Cause | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subdural Hematoma | Between the dura mater (outermost membrane surrounding the brain) and the arachnoid mater (middle membrane) | Head injury; can occur even from minor head trauma, especially in older adults or those on blood thinners. | Headache (often worsening), confusion, drowsiness, seizures, slurred speech, weakness on one side of the body. |
| Epidural Hematoma | Between the skull and the dura mater | Head injury, often involving a skull fracture that damages an artery. | Initial loss of consciousness, followed by a period of lucidity, and then rapid deterioration with headache, vomiting, seizures, and potentially coma. |
Understanding the Layers:
Think of the brain as being protected by several layers:
- Skull: The hard, outer covering.
- Dura Mater: A tough, thick membrane directly beneath the skull.
- Arachnoid Mater: A web-like membrane beneath the dura mater.
- Pia Mater: A thin membrane that adheres directly to the brain's surface.
The location of the bleed determines the type of hematoma and often influences the symptoms and treatment approach. Subdural hematomas are more common than epidural hematomas, particularly in elderly individuals after falls.
Importance of Prompt Medical Attention
Any suspected bleed between the brain and skull requires immediate medical evaluation. These conditions can be life-threatening as the accumulating blood puts pressure on the brain, leading to neurological damage. Diagnosis typically involves a CT scan or MRI of the head. Treatment may range from observation for small hematomas to surgical intervention (e.g., craniotomy to remove the blood clot) for larger, symptomatic ones.
