Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide that acts as a hormone and neurotransmitter.
VIP is a multifaceted peptide with diverse physiological roles, primarily within the gastrointestinal tract, brain, and cardiovascular system. It functions as both a neuromodulator and a neurotransmitter, influencing various bodily processes.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
- Nature of VIP: It's a peptide, meaning it's made up of amino acids.
- Primary Function: It is a potent vasodilator, meaning it widens blood vessels.
- Key Roles:
- Regulates smooth muscle activity in the gut.
- Controls epithelial cell secretion (e.g., releasing fluids and electrolytes into the gut).
- Influences blood flow, particularly in the gastrointestinal system.
- Location: Found predominantly in the gut, brain, and to a lesser extent, the cardiovascular system.
In summary, VIP is a neuropeptide with hormone-like and neurotransmitter-like properties, playing a significant role in regulating gastrointestinal function and blood flow.
