Nerve cells, or neurons, are created from neural stem cells, also known as precursor cells, located in specific regions of the brain.
These neural stem cells possess the remarkable ability to differentiate into various types of neurons and glial cells, the supporting cells of the nervous system. This process of neurogenesis, or the birth of new neurons, is essential for brain development and continues, to a lesser extent, in certain brain regions throughout life.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
- Neural Stem Cells: These are self-renewing cells, meaning they can divide and create more stem cells or differentiate into specialized cells like neurons and glia.
- Differentiation: Through a complex series of molecular signals and genetic programs, neural stem cells differentiate into specific types of neurons, each with unique functions and connections.
- Location: Neurogenesis primarily occurs in specific brain regions, such as the subventricular zone and the hippocampus.
In summary, nerve cells are generated from neural stem cells through a process called differentiation, which transforms them into specialized neurons with distinct roles in the brain.
