Our first brain is the enteric nervous system (ENS).
Understanding the Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
The enteric nervous system, often referred to as the "second brain" or, more accurately, the "first brain", is a complex network of neurons located in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence suggests that the ENS evolved before the central nervous system (CNS).
Why is the ENS Considered the First Brain?
According to research, the ENS arose independently of the CNS. This means that the ENS developed its functionality and complexity before the CNS even existed. This perspective shifts the traditional view of the brain's evolutionary history.
- Independent Evolution: The ENS developed its neural circuitry and neurotransmitter systems separately from the CNS.
- Autonomous Function: The ENS can control gut functions relatively independently of the brain and spinal cord.
Key Differences between the ENS and CNS:
| Feature | Enteric Nervous System (ENS) | Central Nervous System (CNS) |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Lining of the gastrointestinal tract | Brain and spinal cord |
| Evolutionary Origin | Arose before the CNS | Evolved later |
| Primary Function | Control of gut functions | Control of complex body functions and cognition |
Implications of ENS as the First Brain:
Recognizing the ENS as the first brain has significant implications for understanding the evolution of nervous systems and the gut-brain connection. It highlights the importance of the gut in overall health and well-being. The ENS uses similar neurotransmitters to the CNS, such as serotonin, demonstrating a shared evolutionary ancestry.
