The scientific name for a nerve cell is neuron.
Understanding Neurons
A neuron is the basic functional unit of the nervous system. It’s a specialized cell that transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are essential for all of our actions, thoughts, and sensations. According to the provided reference:
- Nerve cell (neuron). This clearly states that a neuron is another name for a nerve cell.
Key Components of a Neuron:
- Cell Body (Soma): Contains the nucleus and other essential cellular components.
- Dendrites: Branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons.
- Axon: A long, slender projection that transmits signals away from the cell body to other cells.
- Axon Terminals: Located at the end of the axon, these release neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons or target cells.
How Neurons Work:
- Signal Reception: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons.
- Signal Integration: The cell body processes the received signals.
- Action Potential: If the signal is strong enough, an electrical impulse called an action potential is generated along the axon.
- Neurotransmitter Release: At the axon terminals, neurotransmitters are released, which transmit the signal across the synaptic gap to the next neuron or target cell.
Functionalities of Neurons
- Sensory Neurons: Carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
- Motor Neurons: Carry instructions from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, enabling movement and other bodily functions.
- Interneurons: Connect other neurons within the central nervous system, facilitating communication and complex processing.
Table summarizing Neuron details
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Neuron |
| Function | Transmits information through electrical and chemical signals |
| Components | Cell body, Dendrites, Axon, Axon terminals |
| Types | Sensory, Motor, Interneurons |
| Role | Essential for all actions, thoughts, and sensations |
In summary, the term "neuron" is the scientific and precise way to refer to a nerve cell.
