Brain jaundice, more formally known as kernicterus, is a type of brain damage caused by severe newborn jaundice. Newborn jaundice itself is the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to a buildup of bilirubin in the blood.
Here's a breakdown:
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Jaundice: Newborn jaundice is common and often resolves on its own. It occurs because a newborn's liver is not yet fully developed and can't efficiently remove bilirubin from the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells.
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Kernicterus (Brain Jaundice): If jaundice becomes severe and bilirubin levels get very high, bilirubin can cross the blood-brain barrier and deposit in brain tissue. This is kernicterus or brain jaundice. Bilirubin is toxic to brain cells.
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Consequences of Kernicterus: This deposition in the brain can lead to permanent brain damage, affecting motor function (movement), hearing, and vision. In severe cases, it can even be fatal.
Why is it important to treat severe jaundice?
Prompt treatment of severe newborn jaundice is crucial to prevent kernicterus. Treatments such as phototherapy (light therapy) help break down bilirubin so it can be eliminated from the body. In more severe cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary.
In conclusion, brain jaundice (kernicterus) is a serious condition resulting from untreated, severe newborn jaundice, causing irreversible damage to the brain due to high bilirubin levels.
