A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, occurs when a blood vessel in the nose lining bursts. This common occurrence, especially in children, usually isn't serious. Several factors can trigger a nosebleed.
Common Causes of Nosebleeds
Several factors contribute to nosebleeds:
- Dry Air: Hot, low-humidity climates or heated indoor air are common culprits, as they dry out the nasal membranes, making them more fragile and prone to bleeding. [Source: Cleveland Clinic]
- Nose Picking: Picking or forcefully blowing your nose can irritate and damage the delicate blood vessels in your nostrils. [Source: NHS inform]
- Injury: A minor injury to the nose, such as a bump or a blow, can easily rupture blood vessels. [Source: NHS inform]
- Infections: Viral or bacterial infections like a cold or sinusitis can inflame the nasal lining, increasing the risk of bleeding. [Source: Mayo Clinic, Better Health Channel]
- Allergies: Allergic reactions can also irritate and inflame the nasal passages, leading to nosebleeds. [Source: Mayo Clinic]
- Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, including bleeding disorders like hemophilia, high blood pressure, and clotting disorders, increase the likelihood of nosebleeds. Use of blood thinners (anticoagulants) such as warfarin and heparin also increases this risk. [Source: Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic Health System]
- Other Factors: Factors like alcohol consumption, use of certain nasal sprays (steroid nasal sprays), and objects pushed into the nostril can also cause nosebleeds. [Source: NHS inform, University of Michigan Health]
Less Common Causes
While less frequent, other potential causes include:
- High Altitude: Changes in air pressure at high altitudes can sometimes cause nosebleeds.
- Certain Medications: Some medications, beyond blood thinners, may increase the risk.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While most nosebleeds are minor, consult a doctor if:
- Nosebleeds are frequent or severe.
- Bleeding lasts for more than 20 minutes.
- You have difficulty controlling the bleeding.
- You experience other symptoms such as dizziness or fainting. [Source: Columbia University]
