Why Does My Nose Bleed When I Cough Hard?

You might experience a nosebleed when you cough forcefully because the sudden increase in pressure can rupture the small, delicate blood vessels (capillaries) lining your nasal passages.

Here's a more detailed explanation:

• Increased Pressure: A hard cough significantly elevates pressure in your chest, head, and sinuses. This pressure surge extends to the delicate blood vessels in your nose.

• Fragile Capillaries: The capillaries in the nasal passages are quite superficial and therefore vulnerable to rupture, especially if they're already weakened due to dryness, irritation, or underlying conditions.

• Rupture and Bleeding: If the pressure from the cough is strong enough, these fragile capillaries can break, leading to a nosebleed (also known as epistaxis).

Factors that can make you more prone to nosebleeds from coughing:

• Dry Air: Dry air can dry out the nasal passages, making the capillaries more brittle and susceptible to breakage.
• Nasal Irritation: Allergies, colds, or sinus infections can inflame and weaken the nasal lining.
• Nose Picking: Trauma from nose picking can damage the nasal lining.
• Medications: Certain medications, like blood thinners (e.g., warfarin, aspirin), can increase the risk of bleeding.
• Underlying Medical Conditions: Rarely, underlying medical conditions such as high blood pressure or bleeding disorders can contribute.

What to Do If You Have a Nosebleed:

1. Stay Calm: Panic can worsen the bleeding.
2. Sit Upright and Lean Forward: This prevents blood from flowing down your throat.
3. Pinch Your Nose: Use your thumb and index finger to firmly pinch the soft part of your nose just below the bony bridge.
4. Maintain Pressure: Hold the pressure continuously for 10-15 minutes. Don't release to check if it has stopped until the time has elapsed.
5. Apply Cold Compress: Applying a cold compress to your nose and forehead can help constrict blood vessels.
6. Seek Medical Attention: If the bleeding doesn't stop after 20 minutes of applying pressure, or if you experience frequent nosebleeds, seek medical attention.