Closed panel systems are a type of offsite construction method where structural wall panels are significantly completed in a factory environment before being transported to the building site.
These systems are distinct because key components are integrated during manufacturing. According to the provided reference, in a closed panel system, insulation and vapour control barriers are pre-fitted in the factory. This prefabrication helps achieve excellent air-tightness levels, which is an important requirement in modern building regulations.
Understanding Closed Panel Systems
Unlike open panel systems, which arrive on site as basic structural frames, closed panels are more advanced. They typically include:
- Structural timber frame
- Sheathing board
- Insulation within the panel cavity (as mentioned in the reference)
- Vapour control layer (as mentioned in the reference)
- Sometimes, service battens or even external sheathing and internal plasterboard.
This level of pre-assembly significantly speeds up onsite construction time and improves quality control, as much of the complex work is done in a controlled factory setting.
Key Features
Here are some key features of closed panel systems:
- Factory Fabrication: Panels are manufactured offsite in a factory.
- Integrated Components: Insulation and vapour control barriers are pre-fitted, among other potential elements.
- Structural Capability: They form the load-bearing structure of the building.
- High Performance: Designed to meet stringent performance standards, particularly for thermal efficiency and air tightness.
Benefits of Using Closed Panels
Choosing closed panel systems offers several advantages for building projects:
- Speed of Construction: The highly prefabricated nature means the structure can be erected very quickly on site.
- Improved Quality: Factory production allows for greater precision and quality control compared to site-built methods.
- Enhanced Performance: With components like insulation and vapour control layers installed under controlled conditions, it's easier to achieve high levels of thermal efficiency and, crucially, excellent air-tightness levels, as highlighted in the reference. This is vital for meeting modern energy efficiency standards.
- Reduced Site Waste: Much of the cutting and assembly is done in the factory, leading to less waste on the building site.
- Predictable Costs and Timelines: Offsite manufacturing can lead to more predictable project outcomes.
Closed Panel System Components Summary
| Component | Description | Factory Fitted? |
|---|---|---|
| Structural Frame | Load-bearing timber or steel frame | Yes |
| Sheathing Board | Provides rigidity and a substrate | Yes |
| Insulation | Thermal barrier within the panel cavity | Yes |
| Vapour Control Barrier | Prevents moisture diffusion into the structure | Yes |
| Service Battens (Optional) | Space for services (electrical, plumbing) | Sometimes |
| External Cladding Substrate (Optional) | Base for external finishes | Sometimes |
| Internal Lining (Optional) | Base for internal finishes (e.g., plasterboard) | Sometimes |
Note: The extent of factory fitting can vary between manufacturers and systems.
In summary, closed panel systems are a sophisticated method of offsite construction, characterized by factory pre-fitting of insulation, vapour control layers, and other components, leading to faster build times and high performance standards, particularly in air tightness.
