Water in oil causes significant damage, primarily by reducing the oil's lubricating properties and leading to corrosion and wear of machinery components.
Here's a detailed breakdown of the consequences:
Reduced Lubrication and Increased Wear
The primary danger of water contamination in oil is the destruction of the oil film strength. This protective film, crucial for preventing metal-to-metal contact, is compromised by the presence of water. This leads to:
- Increased Friction: Without a sufficient oil film, friction between moving parts increases dramatically.
- Accelerated Wear: The increased friction causes accelerated wear of components, shortening their lifespan and leading to potential failures.
- Erosive Wear: In high-pressure areas like rolling element bearings, even small amounts of water (both free and emulsified) can instantaneously flash-vaporize due to extreme temperatures and pressures. This rapid vaporization can cause erosive wear, further damaging the surfaces.
Corrosion
Water promotes corrosion, especially when combined with acids or other contaminants that may already be present in the oil.
- Rust Formation: Water reacts with iron and steel components to form rust, which can flake off and contaminate the oil, acting as an abrasive.
- Acid Formation: Water can react with certain oil additives or contaminants to form corrosive acids, which attack metal surfaces.
Other Negative Effects
Beyond wear and corrosion, water in oil can lead to:
- Sludge Formation: Water can react with oil and contaminants to form sludge, which can clog filters, oilways, and other critical components, starving them of lubrication.
- Additive Depletion: Water can react with and deplete essential oil additives, reducing the oil's performance and lifespan.
- Foaming: Water contamination can cause the oil to foam, reducing its ability to lubricate and cool effectively.
- Microbial Growth: Water provides a breeding ground for bacteria and fungi, which can further degrade the oil and cause corrosion.
In summary, water contamination in oil leads to reduced lubrication, accelerated wear, corrosion, sludge formation, additive depletion, foaming, and microbial growth, ultimately resulting in equipment damage and failure. Regular oil analysis and maintenance are crucial for preventing and mitigating the effects of water contamination.
