Iris laser treatment, specifically laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), is a medical procedure using a laser to create a small hole in the iris. This hole allows fluid (aqueous humor) to flow more freely within the eye, relieving pressure and preventing or treating certain types of glaucoma.
Why is it Performed?
LPI is primarily performed to address:
- Pupillary Block Glaucoma: This occurs when the iris blocks the flow of aqueous humor from the posterior chamber (behind the iris) to the anterior chamber (in front of the iris). The fluid builds up behind the iris, pushing it forward and potentially closing off the drainage angle, leading to a sudden increase in eye pressure (acute angle-closure glaucoma).
- Narrow Angle Glaucoma (Angle Closure Suspects): Individuals with narrow angles between their iris and cornea are at risk of angle closure. LPI can widen this angle, reducing the risk.
How it Works:
The procedure involves using a focused laser beam to create a small opening (iridotomy) in the peripheral iris (the outer edge of the colored part of the eye). This opening provides an alternative pathway for aqueous humor to bypass any blockage, equalizing pressure between the anterior and posterior chambers and opening the angle.
The Procedure:
- Preparation: The patient receives numbing eye drops and, sometimes, drops to constrict the pupil.
- Laser Application: The ophthalmologist uses a special lens to focus the laser beam on the iris and create a small opening.
- Post-Procedure: The patient may receive anti-inflammatory eye drops. The doctor will monitor the eye pressure and overall condition in the following days or weeks.
Potential Risks and Complications:
While generally safe and effective, LPI can have some potential risks:
- Elevated Eye Pressure: A temporary increase in eye pressure may occur after the procedure.
- Bleeding: Minor bleeding from the iris is possible.
- Inflammation: Inflammation within the eye can occur and is typically treated with eye drops.
- Glare or Halos: Some patients may experience glare or halos around lights, especially at night.
- Double Vision: Rarely, double vision may occur.
- Corneal Damage: Very rarely, the laser can damage the cornea.
- Closure of the Iridotomy: Although rare, the iridotomy can close over time, requiring a repeat procedure.
Summary:
Laser peripheral iridotomy is an important procedure for preventing and treating certain types of glaucoma by creating a new pathway for fluid to flow within the eye, thereby relieving pressure and widening the angle. Careful evaluation by an ophthalmologist is crucial to determine if this procedure is appropriate.
