Muslims, like people of other faiths, brush their teeth using various methods. The practice isn't significantly different from non-Muslims except for considerations during Ramadan fasting.
Traditional Methods: The Miswak
Historically, and still commonly practiced, is the use of the miswak, a twig from the Salvadora persica tree. This reference details its properties and use. The miswak is chewed until frayed, creating a natural toothbrush. This method is deeply rooted in Islamic culture due to its religious and spiritual impact. As stated here, "The traditional toothbrush or chewing stick is deeply rooted in Islamic culture due to its religious and spiritual impact. Pencil-sized sticks of various plants are chewed on one end until they become frayed into a brush."
Modern Methods: Toothbrush and Toothpaste
Many Muslims also use modern toothbrushes and toothpaste, similar to global practices.
Brushing During Ramadan
During Ramadan, Muslims abstain from food and drink from dawn until sunset. Brushing teeth is permitted, provided no water or toothpaste is swallowed. This Quora answer mentions a common practice of brushing before the morning prayer and after the pre-dawn meal. Multiple sources including this one confirm that brushing is acceptable, emphasizing the importance of rinsing thoroughly and avoiding swallowing. Another source also clarifies that brushing with toothpaste is permissible as long as the paste isn't swallowed. This ShiaChat forum discussion points out that swallowing toothpaste or water during rinsing invalidates the fast.
In summary, Muslims use both traditional methods like the miswak and modern toothbrushes and toothpaste. During Ramadan, brushing is allowed; however, care must be taken to avoid swallowing anything. The belief that the breath of a fasting person smells pleasant to Allah (as stated in a Quora response https://www.quora.com/Why-dont-Muslims-brush-their-teeth-while-they-are-fasting) does not preclude the practice of oral hygiene.
