Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is primarily formed through the decomposition of plant material, bacteria, and algae.
Formation Processes of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM)
DOM, a complex mixture found in all water bodies, arises from several key processes:
- Decomposition of Plant Material: When plants die, their organic compounds (e.g., cellulose, lignin) are broken down by microorganisms. This process releases dissolved organic molecules into the surrounding water.
- Breakdown of Algae: Similarly, the decay of algae contributes significantly to DOM. As algal blooms die off, the organic matter within their cells is released and dissolved.
- Microbial Activity (Bacteria): Bacteria play a crucial role in both producing and consuming DOM. While breaking down organic matter from plants and algae, they also release their own organic byproducts, further contributing to the DOM pool.
- Leaching from Soils and Detritus: Rainwater percolating through soils and decaying organic matter (detritus) can leach out soluble organic compounds, transporting them into aquatic environments.
- Exudation from Living Organisms: Living plants and algae can actively release dissolved organic compounds into the water through exudation.
- Photochemical Processes: Sunlight can directly break down particulate organic matter into DOM.
In summary, DOM formation is a multifaceted process driven by both biological and physical mechanisms involving the decomposition of organic material from plants, algae, and microorganisms, along with leaching and exudation processes.
