Taking care of a baby dove requires dedication and effort, as they need specific conditions to thrive outside of their parents' care. Here's a comprehensive guide:
1. Assessing the Situation
Before intervening, consider these points:
- Is it truly abandoned? Observe from a distance to see if the parents return to feed the baby. Parent doves are usually very attentive.
- Is it injured? If the baby is injured, contact a local wildlife rehabilitator immediately.
2. Providing a Safe and Warm Environment
Baby doves, like all baby birds, need a warm and secure place to live.
- Housing: A small cardboard box or plastic container lined with soft, clean material like paper towels or tissues works well. Avoid using materials like straw or hay, which can harbor mites.
- Warmth: Baby birds rely on their parents to keep them warm. Maintaining their body temperature is crucial. A suitable heat source could be:
- A clean sock filled with dry, uncooked rice, microwaved for one minute (test the temperature to ensure it's not too hot). Replace as needed to maintain warmth.
- A heating pad set on low, placed under half of the container, allowing the baby to move away if it gets too warm. Never place the baby directly on the heating pad.
- Temperature: Aim for a temperature of around 90-95°F (32-35°C) for the first few days, gradually decreasing it as the baby grows and develops feathers.
3. Feeding the Baby Dove
Feeding is the most critical aspect of caring for a baby dove.
- What to feed: Baby doves are typically fed "crop milk" by their parents, a protein-rich substance produced in their crop. Replicating this is difficult, but you can use a specialized bird formula (available at pet stores) or a homemade formula. Never give a baby bird milk intended for mammals.
- Homemade Formula Example: A common recipe includes:
- Dry puppy or kitten food (high protein)
- Baby cereal (plain, no fruit)
- Water
Blend the ingredients into a smooth, soupy consistency.
- Feeding Method:
- Use a syringe (without the needle) or a small spoon to deliver the food.
- Gently open the baby's beak and place the food towards the back of the throat. Be careful not to aspirate (inhale) the food into its lungs.
- Feed slowly and allow the baby to swallow between feedings.
- Feeding Frequency: Young doves need to be fed frequently, approximately every 2-3 hours during daylight hours. As they grow, you can gradually increase the amount of food and decrease the frequency.
- Crop Monitoring: The crop is a pouch at the base of the neck where birds store food. Ensure the crop is emptying between feedings, but never completely empty. It should feel soft and pliable, not hard or overly full.
4. Hygiene and Cleaning
Maintaining cleanliness is vital to prevent infections.
- Cleanliness: Regularly clean the baby's enclosure and feeding utensils.
- Droppings: Remove droppings promptly to keep the environment sanitary.
- Feathers: Gently clean any soiled feathers with a damp cloth.
5. Weaning
As the baby dove develops, gradually introduce solid foods.
- Transitioning: Offer small seeds (like millet) and softened grains alongside the formula.
- Observation: Observe the baby's eating habits and adjust the feeding schedule accordingly.
- Water: Always provide fresh, clean water in a shallow dish.
6. Releasing Back to the Wild
Releasing a hand-raised dove back into the wild is a complex process.
- Acclimation: Gradually acclimate the dove to outdoor conditions.
- Flight Practice: Encourage flight practice in a safe, enclosed area.
- Socialization: If possible, introduce the dove to other doves before release.
- Release Site: Choose a safe location with a food source and shelter.
- Consider a Wildlife Rehabilitator: It is highly recommended to consult with a licensed wildlife rehabilitator for guidance on the release process. They can assess the dove's readiness and provide valuable advice.
Important Note: It is essential to remember that raising a wild bird is challenging, and it's always best to leave them in the care of their parents if possible. If you are unsure about what to do, contact a local wildlife rehabilitator or veterinarian.
