A hemi shoulder, also known as shoulder hemiarthroplasty, is a surgical procedure that replaces only the humeral head (the ball part of the shoulder joint) with a metallic prosthetic implant.
Understanding Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty
Here's a breakdown of what's involved in this procedure:
- Resurfacing the Humeral Head: The procedure focuses on resurfacing the damaged or diseased humeral head. This involves removing the damaged bone and replacing it with a smooth, artificial surface.
- Metallic Prosthetic Implant: The new surface is crafted from metal, ensuring durability and compatibility with the body.
- Partial Joint Replacement: Unlike total shoulder replacement, hemiarthroplasty does not replace the glenoid (the socket part of the shoulder joint). This makes it a partial joint replacement.
When is Hemiarthroplasty Recommended?
Hemi shoulder replacements are usually recommended for specific conditions, including:
- Fractures of the Humeral Head: When a fracture is severe, replacing the humeral head is often more effective than attempting to repair it.
- Severe Arthritis Affecting Only the Humeral Head: In cases where arthritis is primarily limited to the humeral head and the glenoid is healthy, a hemiarthroplasty can be a suitable option.
- Avascular Necrosis: This condition, where bone tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply, can also benefit from this procedure.
Comparison with Total Shoulder Replacement
| Feature | Hemi Shoulder (Hemiarthroplasty) | Total Shoulder Replacement |
|---|---|---|
| Humeral Head Replacement | Yes | Yes |
| Glenoid (Socket) Replacement | No | Yes |
| Extent of Surgery | Less extensive | More extensive |
| Suitable For | Fractures or isolated humeral head damage | Severe arthritis affecting both components |
Key Takeaway
In summary, a hemi shoulder is a surgical procedure that replaces the humeral head with a metallic implant and is a partial shoulder replacement. It's different from a total shoulder replacement that involves replacing both the humeral head and the glenoid. It is a good option when only the humeral head is damaged or diseased.
