The HE4 test, or Human Epididymis Protein 4 test, is a blood test primarily used to help monitor the recurrence or progression of epithelial ovarian cancer in patients who have already been diagnosed and treated. It measures the level of HE4, a protein found in higher concentrations in many, but not all, epithelial ovarian cancer cells. The test is not used as a screening tool for ovarian cancer in the general population.
How the HE4 Test Works
The HE4 test analyzes a blood sample to determine the amount of HE4 protein present. Elevated levels may indicate that the cancer is returning or progressing. However, HE4 levels can also be affected by other factors, so it's typically used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods, such as CA-125 testing. Changes in HE4 levels over time are often more significant than a single measurement. A decrease in HE4 levels may suggest a positive response to treatment.
Uses of the HE4 Test
- Monitoring Ovarian Cancer Recurrence: The HE4 test helps doctors track changes in a patient's condition after treatment for epithelial ovarian cancer.
- Assessing Treatment Response: A decrease in HE4 levels can indicate that treatment is working effectively.
- Used in combination with CA-125: Often, HE4 is used alongside CA-125 testing to improve the accuracy of monitoring and diagnosis. Algorithms like the ROMA (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm) combine HE4 and CA-125 results to better assess risk.
Important Note: The HE4 test cannot be used interchangeably with results from different test methods or kits. Results should only be interpreted by healthcare professionals in the context of a patient's medical history and other diagnostic information. It is not a definitive diagnostic test on its own and should not be used for screening purposes.
Interpreting HE4 Test Results
Interpretation of HE4 levels is complex and requires medical expertise. A rise in HE4 levels may suggest recurrence or progression, while a fall can indicate a positive response to treatment. However, other factors can influence HE4 levels, making it crucial to consider the entire clinical picture.
