We obtain oxygen primarily through two major sources: breathing air and the ocean.
Breathing Air: The Respiratory System
We breathe in air containing approximately 21% oxygen. This air enters our bodies through the mouth or nose, travels down the windpipe (trachea), and into the lungs. The lungs have a branching network of bronchi and alveoli, where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. This process, known as gas exchange, is crucial for cellular respiration and energy production. Scientific American explains this process in detail.
The Ocean: A Major Oxygen Producer
At least half of the Earth's oxygen is produced by the ocean, primarily through the photosynthesis of microscopic marine plankton. These tiny organisms, along with other marine plants and algae, convert carbon dioxide and sunlight into oxygen, similar to how trees do on land. NOAA highlights the oceans' crucial role in oxygen production.
Other Sources of Oxygen
While less significant compared to breathing and ocean production, other sources exist:
- Electrolysis: This process uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This technology is used in situations requiring supplemental oxygen, such as on the International Space Station (ISS). NASA uses a similar technology for oxygen production on Mars.
- Medical Oxygen: For individuals with respiratory problems, medical oxygen is provided through supplemental methods like oxygen concentrators or tanks to increase the oxygen level in their inhaled air. This is typically prescribed by a doctor and can be administered at home or in a medical setting. Medicare covers the equipment in some instances.
It's important to note that while trees contribute to oxygen production, they don't provide all of the Earth's oxygen. The ocean is a major, if not dominant, contributor. West Texas A&M University clarifies this misconception.
