Ozone, while beneficial in the stratosphere, poses significant health and environmental risks at ground level. Three key effects of ground-level ozone are:
1. Respiratory Problems:
Ground-level ozone is a major air pollutant that directly harms the respiratory system. Inhaling ozone can cause a variety of issues, including:
- Coughing: Ozone irritates the airways, triggering a cough reflex.
- Shortness of breath: Ozone can constrict airways, making breathing difficult.
- Worsening of existing conditions: People with asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema are particularly vulnerable; ozone exposure exacerbates their symptoms. [Source: US EPA, https://www.epa.gov/ground-level-ozone-pollution/health-effects-ozone-pollution]
2. Irritation and Inflammation:
Ozone's irritant properties extend beyond just the lungs. Exposure can lead to:
- Throat irritation: A burning or scratchy feeling in the throat is common.
- Chest pain: Ozone can cause discomfort or pain in the chest area.
- Inflammation: Ozone causes inflammation of the tissues lining the respiratory tract. [Source: California Air Resources Board, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/ozone-and-health]
3. Damage to Vegetation and Ecosystems:
Ozone's harmful effects aren't limited to human health. Elevated ozone levels significantly impact plants and ecosystems:
- Reduced photosynthesis: Ozone damages plant leaves, reducing their ability to perform photosynthesis.
- Accelerated leaf senescence: Premature aging and death of leaves, reducing plant growth and health.
- Damage to forests and other ecosystems: High ozone levels can impair the growth and survival of many plant species, impacting entire ecosystems. [Source: Iowa DNR, https://www.iowadnr.gov/Environmental-Protection/Air-Quality/Air-Pollutants/Effects-Ozone]
It is important to note that prolonged or high-level exposure to ozone can lead to more severe consequences, including premature death in individuals with pre-existing health conditions. [Source: American Lung Association, https://www.lung.org/clean-air/outdoors/what-makes-air-unhealthy/ozone]
