The most common and effective way to cover over textured paint and achieve a smooth surface is by skim coating. This involves applying thin layers of joint compound to fill in the texture, followed by sanding and priming.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
Skim Coating: The Primary Method
Skim coating is essentially creating a new, smooth surface over the existing textured one. Think of it as applying a thin layer of mud (joint compound) to level out the bumps and ridges.
Steps Involved in Skim Coating:
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Preparation:
- Clean the Surface: Thoroughly clean the textured wall to remove any dust, dirt, grease, or loose paint. Use a damp cloth or sponge and a mild detergent if needed. Allow it to dry completely.
- Prime (Optional but Recommended): Applying a bonding primer before skim coating can significantly improve the adhesion of the joint compound, especially on glossy or difficult surfaces. This is crucial for long-lasting results.
- Protect Surrounding Areas: Cover floors, trim, and furniture with drop cloths and painter's tape to protect them from joint compound and sanding dust.
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Applying the Joint Compound:
- Choose the Right Compound: Use a "topping" or "lightweight all-purpose" joint compound. These are easier to sand and less prone to cracking.
- Mix the Compound: Mix the joint compound with a small amount of water (if necessary) to achieve a smooth, creamy consistency. Avoid adding too much water, as this can weaken the compound.
- Apply Thin Coats: Use a wide drywall knife (6-12 inches) to apply a thin, even layer of joint compound over the textured surface. The goal is to fill in the texture, not to create a thick, heavy layer. Apply with firm, even pressure, feathering the edges to blend smoothly.
- Multiple Coats: You'll likely need to apply two to three thin coats of joint compound, allowing each coat to dry completely (usually 24 hours) before applying the next. This is crucial to prevent cracking and shrinkage.
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Sanding:
- Use Sandpaper: Once the final coat of joint compound is completely dry, use fine-grit sandpaper (120-220 grit) to sand the surface smooth. A sanding block or pole sander can be helpful for larger areas.
- Sand Evenly: Sand with light, even pressure to avoid gouging the surface. The goal is to smooth out any imperfections and blend the edges of the joint compound with the surrounding wall.
- Wear a Mask: Sanding creates a lot of dust, so wear a dust mask or respirator to protect your lungs.
- Clean the Dust: After sanding, thoroughly clean the wall with a damp cloth to remove all dust.
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Priming & Painting:
- Prime Again: Apply a coat of high-quality primer to seal the sanded joint compound and create a uniform surface for painting.
- Paint: Once the primer is dry, you can paint the wall with your desired color and finish. Two coats of paint are usually recommended for best results.
Alternatives (Less Common & Possibly Less Effective)
While skim coating is the preferred method, other less common approaches exist, though they may not provide the same level of smoothness or durability.
- Wallpaper: While not directly covering the texture, thick, paintable wallpaper with a subtle texture of its own can mask some minor texture. However, the underlying texture can still be visible. This method is generally not recommended for heavy textures.
- Paneling or Drywall: Installing new drywall over the existing textured wall provides a completely smooth surface, but it's a more extensive and costly project. It also reduces the room's dimensions slightly. Paneling is another option, though less commonly used in modern homes.
Summary
In summary, skim coating is the most effective method for covering textured paint and achieving a smooth, paintable surface. It involves applying multiple thin layers of joint compound, sanding, and priming. While alternative methods exist, they are generally less effective or more involved.
