The pancreas produces several important hormones, each with specific functions in regulating various bodily processes. The hormones are produced within specialized areas of the pancreas known as the islets of Langerhans.
Pancreatic Hormones
Here's a detailed look at the hormones produced by the pancreas, according to the provided reference:
| Hormone | Source Cell Type | Primary Function |
|---|---|---|
| Glucagon | Alpha cells | Increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. |
| Insulin | Beta cells | Decreases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells. |
| Somatostatin | Delta cells | Inhibits the release of other pancreatic hormones, as well as some gut hormones. |
| Ghrelin | Epsilon cells | Stimulates appetite. |
| Pancreatic Polypeptide | Upsilon cells | Regulates pancreatic secretions. |
Functions of Pancreatic Hormones:
- Blood Glucose Regulation:
- Insulin and Glucagon: These two hormones work in tandem to maintain stable blood glucose levels. Insulin lowers glucose when it's too high, while glucagon raises it when it's too low.
- This balance is crucial for providing energy to cells while preventing hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
- Appetite and Satiety:
- Ghrelin: This hormone plays a role in stimulating hunger.
- Regulation of Pancreatic Secretions:
- Pancreatic Polypeptide: Helps control the production and release of pancreatic enzymes and digestive juices.
- Somatostatin: Works as an inhibitor of secretion of various hormones.
Summary of Pancreatic Hormones
The pancreas produces glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, ghrelin, and pancreatic polypeptide. These hormones work together to control blood sugar levels, regulate appetite, and manage digestive secretions, thus ensuring proper body function.
