Giardia is a common parasite that frequently causes diarrhea in humans.
Giardia, often referred to as Giardia intestinalis or Giardia lamblia, is a microscopic parasite that infects the small intestine. It's a major cause of diarrheal illness (giardiasis) worldwide. The parasite spreads easily through contaminated food, water, or surfaces, and can also be transmitted from person to person.
How Giardia Causes Diarrhea
- Attachment: Giardia attaches to the lining of the small intestine.
- Inflammation: This attachment leads to inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining.
- Malabsorption: The inflamed intestine struggles to absorb nutrients and fluids properly.
- Diarrhea: The result is diarrhea, often accompanied by abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, and dehydration.
Symptoms of Giardiasis
Besides diarrhea, other symptoms of a Giardia infection may include:
- Gas
- Greasy stools
- Abdominal cramps
- Nausea
- Dehydration
Treatment
Giardiasis is usually treated with prescription medications like metronidazole or tinidazole. It's crucial to consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.
Prevention
Preventing Giardia infection involves practicing good hygiene:
- Wash hands frequently: Especially after using the toilet and before preparing food.
- Drink safe water: Avoid drinking untreated water from lakes, rivers, or streams. Boil water for at least one minute to kill Giardia.
- Practice safe food handling: Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
- Avoid swallowing water: When swimming in pools, lakes, or rivers.
