While the Pashtun people (also known as Pathans) are divided into numerous tribes and subtribes, a definitive, universally agreed-upon list of "12 tribes" doesn't exist in historical or anthropological records. However, many prominent and well-known Pashtun tribes are frequently cited. Here is a list that includes 12 well-known Pashtun tribes:
- Wazirs: Known for their independent spirit and fierce fighting abilities, they inhabit the mountainous region of Waziristan.
- Mahsuds: Another significant tribe residing in Waziristan, closely related to the Wazirs and sharing similar traits.
- Khattaks: Historically known for their martial prowess and contribution to various armies throughout history.
- Bangash: Located primarily in the Kohat region of Pakistan, they have a distinct cultural identity.
- Afridi: A powerful tribe inhabiting the Khyber Pass region, historically controlling this strategically important area.
- Mohmand: Found primarily in the areas bordering Afghanistan, they are known for their strong tribal traditions.
- Sulemankhel: A large Ghilzai Pashtun tribe with a widespread presence in both Afghanistan and Pakistan.
- Achakzais: Primarily residing in the Balochistan province of Pakistan, they are known for their tribal structure and customs.
- Yusufzai: A significant tribe primarily located in the Swat Valley and surrounding areas, known for their distinct dialect.
- Safis: Located in the eastern parts of Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan.
- Shinwaris: Found on both sides of the Durand Line (the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan).
- Durrani: Although, technically a confederation of tribes rather than a single tribe, it represents a powerful group, historically important due to its association with the Durrani Empire. Often viewed as one of the "core" Pashtun tribes.
It is important to note that Pashtun tribal structure is highly complex and segmented. These are simply some of the more well-known tribes.
