The classic triad of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), as defined by the earliest understanding of the condition (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome), consists of enlarged ovaries, hirsutism, and oligomenorrhea.
This initial description, while foundational, has evolved over time as our understanding of PCOS has grown. Let's break down each component:
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Enlarged Ovaries: This refers to ovaries that are larger than normal and often contain multiple cysts. These cysts are typically immature follicles and contribute to the overall enlargement.
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Hirsutism: This is excessive hair growth in women in a male-like pattern. Common areas affected include the face (chin and upper lip), chest, abdomen, and back. Hirsutism is a result of elevated levels of androgens (male hormones).
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Oligomenorrhea: This means infrequent or irregular menstrual periods. Women with oligomenorrhea may have cycles longer than 35 days or fewer than eight periods per year. This irregularity is due to hormonal imbalances that disrupt normal ovulation.
It is important to note that the diagnostic criteria for PCOS have broadened since the initial triad. Modern definitions, such as the Rotterdam criteria, include a wider range of symptoms and laboratory findings. While the classic triad remains historically significant, a diagnosis of PCOS doesn't necessarily require all three components to be present. Furthermore, imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, are used to assess ovarian morphology, which may reveal polycystic ovaries even without significant enlargement.
