If a baby is born with one testicle, it most commonly means that the other testicle has not descended into the scrotum, a condition known as unilateral undescended testicle or cryptorchidism. While less common, it could also mean the complete absence of one testicle (monorchism). The implications largely depend on whether the missing testicle is merely undescended or truly absent.
Understanding Unilateral Undescended Testicle
When a baby is born with only one testicle visible in the scrotum, the medical focus immediately shifts to locating the other testicle. In most cases, the second testicle is present but has not descended from the abdomen or groin area into the scrotum, which is its normal position.
Implications for Fertility and Testicular Function
According to medical consensus:
Most doctors believe that boys who've had a single undescended testicle will have normal fertility and testicular function as adults, while those who've had two undescended testicles might be more likely to have reduced fertility. This is a significant point of reassurance for parents, as having one healthy, descended testicle is generally sufficient for normal reproductive and hormonal function later in life.
Key Aspects and Management
The management of an undescended testicle is crucial for ensuring the best possible outcome for the child.
- Diagnosis: A physical examination by a pediatrician is usually sufficient to diagnose an undescended testicle. Sometimes, imaging tests like ultrasound may be used, though they are often not necessary for diagnosis alone.
- Observation: In many cases, an undescended testicle may descend on its own within the first few months of life, especially by 6 months of age. Doctors often recommend a period of watchful waiting.
- Treatment (Orchiopexy): If the testicle does not descend on its own by 6-12 months of age, a surgical procedure called orchiopexy is typically recommended. This procedure involves bringing the testicle down into the scrotum and securing it in place.
- Benefits of Orchiopexy:
- Optimal Testicular Health: Placing the testicle in the scrotum helps maintain its proper temperature, which is vital for its development and future sperm production.
- Reduced Risk of Complications: It lowers the risk of complications such as testicular torsion (twisting of the testicle), which can be a medical emergency, and potential injury.
- Easier Cancer Detection: Undescended testicles have a slightly higher risk of developing testicular cancer. When the testicle is in the scrotum, it is much easier for a person to perform self-examinations and for doctors to detect any abnormalities early.
- Psychological Well-being: Having both testicles in the scrotum contributes to a normal physical appearance, which can be important for a child's self-esteem as they grow.
- Benefits of Orchiopexy:
- Long-Term Outlook: As highlighted by the reference, with appropriate management, boys with a single undescended testicle generally go on to have normal fertility and testicular function as adults. Regular follow-ups with a urologist or pediatrician are often recommended to monitor development.
What if it's Monorchism (Absence of a Testicle)?
In the rare event that one testicle is truly absent, the remaining testicle is typically healthy and can fully support normal hormonal function and fertility on its own. In such cases, there is no undescended testicle to bring down. Parents may explore cosmetic options such as a testicular prosthesis later in life if desired.
Ultimately, while discovering a baby is born with one testicle can be concerning for parents, the outlook for health and future fertility is generally very positive, especially with timely medical intervention if needed.
