We focus images primarily by adjusting the distance between the lens and the image sensor (or film), manipulating the path of light.
Modern cameras achieve focus through internal lens elements that move forward or backward. This movement changes the optical path and the point at which light converges to create a sharp image.
Here's a breakdown of how focusing works:
- Lens Adjustment: Within the lens, glass elements shift positions. This alters the angle at which light rays converge.
- Distance Manipulation: By physically moving the lens closer to or further from the camera's sensor, you also alter the plane of focus. This is less common with modern autofocus lenses, but fundamental to understanding how focus works.
- The Plane of Focus: The plane of focus is the distance at which objects appear sharpest. Objects closer or farther from this plane will appear blurry.
In summary, focusing involves manipulating the lens (typically its internal elements or its distance from the sensor) to precisely converge light rays onto the image sensor, resulting in a clear and sharp image.
