Ultraviolet (UV) light is medically used in phototherapy to treat various skin conditions and, historically, to treat jaundice in newborns.
Phototherapy for Skin Conditions
Phototherapy, the therapeutic use of UV light, is primarily employed to manage:
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Psoriasis: UV light, especially UVB, can slow the rapid growth of skin cells characteristic of psoriasis, reducing inflammation and scaling.
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Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): UV light can help reduce inflammation and itching associated with eczema.
Treatment of Newborn Jaundice
- Historically, UV light was used to treat newborn jaundice. The light helps break down bilirubin, a substance that causes jaundice, allowing the baby's body to eliminate it more easily. However, current practice typically uses blue light, which is more effective and has a better safety profile.
Mechanism of Action
UV light works by:
- Suppressing the immune system in the skin, reducing inflammation.
- Slowing down the growth of skin cells, which is beneficial in conditions like psoriasis.
- Altering vitamin D production in the skin, which can have therapeutic effects.
- Breaking down bilirubin (historically in jaundice treatment).
Safety Considerations
While UV light can be therapeutic, it's important to note the risks:
- Skin Cancer: Prolonged and excessive exposure to UV light can increase the risk of skin cancer.
- Skin Aging: UV light can contribute to premature skin aging.
- Eye Damage: UV light can damage the eyes, so eye protection is crucial during phototherapy.
Therefore, UV light therapy should only be administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
