What are 50 Physical Quantities?

Here's a list of 50 physical quantities, categorized for clarity. Note that some quantities can be categorized in multiple ways depending on context. This list includes both fundamental and derived quantities.

Fundamental Quantities: These are base quantities, independent of others.

1. Length (L): Distance between two points. Formula: L = distance between two points. SI unit: meter (m).
2. Mass (m): Amount of matter in an object. Formula: m = density × volume. SI unit: kilogram (kg).
3. Time (t): Duration of an event. Formula: t = Δs / v (where Δs is distance and v is velocity). SI unit: second (s).
4. Electric Current (I): Rate of flow of electric charge. SI unit: ampere (A).
5. Thermodynamic Temperature (T): Measure of average kinetic energy of particles. SI unit: kelvin (K).
6. Amount of Substance (n): Number of elementary entities (atoms, molecules, etc.). SI unit: mole (mol).
7. Luminous Intensity (Iv): Power emitted by a light source per unit solid angle. SI unit: candela (cd).

Derived Quantities (Mechanical): These are derived from fundamental quantities.

8. Velocity (v): Rate of change of displacement. SI unit: meter per second (m/s).
9. Acceleration (a): Rate of change of velocity. SI unit: meter per second squared (m/s²).
10. Force (F): Interaction that can change the motion of an object. SI unit: newton (N).
11. Momentum (p): Mass in motion. SI unit: kilogram-meter per second (kg⋅m/s).
12. Work (W): Energy transferred by a force. SI unit: joule (J).
13. Energy (E): Capacity to do work. SI unit: joule (J).
14. Power (P): Rate of doing work. SI unit: watt (W).
15. Pressure (P): Force per unit area. SI unit: pascal (Pa).
16. Density (ρ): Mass per unit volume. SI unit: kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m³).
17. Volume (V): Space occupied by an object. SI unit: cubic meter (m³).
18. Area (A): Extent of a two-dimensional surface. SI unit: square meter (m²).
19. Frequency (f): Number of cycles per unit time. SI unit: hertz (Hz).
20. Angular Velocity (ω): Rate of change of angular displacement. SI unit: radian per second (rad/s).
21. Angular Acceleration (α): Rate of change of angular velocity. SI unit: radian per second squared (rad/s²).
22. Torque (τ): Rotational equivalent of force. SI unit: newton-meter (N⋅m).
23. Moment of Inertia (I): Resistance to rotational acceleration. SI unit: kilogram-meter squared (kg⋅m²).

Derived Quantities (Thermal):

24. Specific Heat Capacity (c): Heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg by 1 K. SI unit: joule per kilogram-kelvin (J/kg⋅K).
25. Heat (Q): Transfer of thermal energy. SI unit: joule (J).
26. Thermal Conductivity (k): Ability of a material to conduct heat. SI unit: watt per meter-kelvin (W/m⋅K).

Derived Quantities (Electromagnetism):

27. Electric Charge (Q): Fundamental property of matter. SI unit: coulomb (C).
28. Electric Potential (V): Electric potential energy per unit charge. SI unit: volt (V).
29. Electric Field Strength (E): Force per unit charge. SI unit: volt per meter (V/m).
30. Magnetic Flux Density (B): Strength of a magnetic field. SI unit: tesla (T).
31. Magnetic Flux (Φ): Measure of the magnetic field through a surface. SI unit: weber (Wb).
32. Inductance (L): Opposition to changes in electric current. SI unit: henry (H).
33. Capacitance (C): Ability to store electric charge. SI unit: farad (F).
34. Resistance (R): Opposition to the flow of electric current. SI unit: ohm (Ω).
35. Electric Power (P): Rate of energy dissipation in an electric circuit. SI unit: watt (W).

Derived Quantities (Other):

36. Wave Speed (v): Speed of propagation of a wave. SI unit: meter per second (m/s).
37. Wavelength (λ): Distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave. SI unit: meter (m).
38. Frequency (f): Number of waves passing a point per unit time. SI unit: hertz (Hz).
39. Intensity (I): Power per unit area. SI unit: watt per square meter (W/m²).
40. Refractive Index (n): Ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a medium. Dimensionless.
41. Specific Gravity: Ratio of density of a substance to the density of water. Dimensionless.
42. Viscosity (η): Resistance of a fluid to flow. SI unit: pascal-second (Pa⋅s).
43. Surface Tension (γ): Force per unit length acting along the surface of a liquid. SI unit: newton per meter (N/m).
44. Strain (ε): Deformation of a material under stress. Dimensionless.
45. Stress (σ): Force per unit area. SI unit: pascal (Pa).
46. Young's Modulus (E): Measure of a material's stiffness. SI unit: pascal (Pa).
47. Poisson's Ratio (ν): Ratio of lateral strain to axial strain. Dimensionless.
48. Entropy (S): Measure of disorder in a system. SI unit: joule per kelvin (J/K).
49. Specific Impulse (Isp): Measure of rocket engine efficiency. SI unit: seconds (s).
50. Relative Permittivity (εr): Ratio of permittivity of a material to permittivity of free space. Dimensionless.