The dorsiflexion test, often referred to as the Weight-bearing Lunge Test (WBLT) or Dorsiflexion Lunge Test (DFT), is a clinical assessment used to measure the range of motion in ankle dorsiflexion. It specifically assesses how far the ankle can bend upwards, bringing the toes closer to the shin.
Purpose of the Dorsiflexion Test
The primary purpose of this test is to:
- Assess Ankle Mobility: Quantify the available dorsiflexion range of motion.
- Identify Ankle Restrictions: Determine if there are limitations in the ankle joint that may be contributing to pain or dysfunction.
- Guide Treatment: Help clinicians develop targeted interventions to improve ankle mobility.
- Monitor Progress: Track changes in dorsiflexion range of motion over time during rehabilitation.
How the Dorsiflexion Test is Performed
Here’s a breakdown of the typical procedure:
- Patient Positioning: The patient stands facing a wall, typically with one foot slightly behind the other.
- Lunge Forward: The patient lunges forward, bending the knee of the front leg while keeping the heel flat on the ground.
- Measure Distance: The distance from the wall to the toes is gradually increased until the patient can no longer keep their heel on the ground or experiences pain. The distance from the toes to the wall is then measured. This measurement represents the dorsiflexion range. Another method involves measuring the angle the tibia (shin bone) makes with the floor.
- Repeat on Both Sides: The test is performed on both ankles to compare mobility and identify any asymmetries.
Interpretation of Results
The results of the dorsiflexion test are interpreted based on the distance achieved or the angle measured. Lower values indicate restricted dorsiflexion. Normal values vary depending on age, activity level, and other factors. Clinicians use these values to determine if the ankle range of motion is sufficient for functional activities and to guide treatment decisions.
Clinical Significance
Limited ankle dorsiflexion can contribute to a variety of musculoskeletal problems, including:
- Plantar Fasciitis: Reduced dorsiflexion can place increased stress on the plantar fascia.
- Achilles Tendinopathy: Restrictions can contribute to tightness and pain in the Achilles tendon.
- Knee Pain: Altered biomechanics due to limited ankle mobility can lead to compensatory movements at the knee, resulting in pain and dysfunction.
- Hip Pain: Similar to knee pain, compensation can lead to hip issues.
- Lower Back Pain: Restrictions in ankle mobility can affect the entire kinetic chain, potentially contributing to lower back pain.
Improving dorsiflexion can help alleviate these issues and improve overall function.
