Blue pigments are created using various methods depending on the desired shade and origin of the pigment. Historically, blue pigments were derived from natural sources like minerals.
- Lapis Lazuli: This semiprecious gemstone, mined in Afghanistan, was traditionally used to create the pigment ultramarine, a rich and vibrant blue. This process involved grinding the lapis lazuli into a fine powder, a labor-intensive and expensive process.
- Azurite and Malachite: These minerals were also used to create blue pigments. Azurite, a blue copper carbonate mineral, produces a bright blue pigment, while malachite, a green copper carbonate mineral, can be used to create a blue-green hue.
Modern blue pigments are often synthetically produced.
- Synthetic Ultramarine: This pigment, similar in color to the natural ultramarine, is created through a chemical process using various materials like sulfur, silica, and sodium carbonate.
- Cobalt Blue: This pigment, known for its intense and vibrant blue color, is created using cobalt salts, a material derived from cobalt ore.
- Prussian Blue: This pigment, created in the 18th century, is a vibrant blue with a slightly greenish hue. It is made using iron salts and potassium ferrocyanide.
- YInMn Blue: This pigment, discovered serendipitously in 2009, is created by heating a mixture of manganese oxide, yttrium oxide, and indium oxide. It boasts a brilliant and vibrant blue color.
The production of blue pigments varies depending on the desired shade, availability of raw materials, and cost considerations.
