Pigment is a substance that absorbs certain wavelengths of light and reflects others, giving it a distinct color. The methods for creating pigments vary widely, ranging from natural extraction to complex chemical synthesis.
- Natural Pigments: These pigments are derived directly from natural sources, such as minerals, plants, or animals. Examples include ochre, umber, and sienna, which are earthy pigments obtained from clay and iron oxides. Natural pigments have been used for centuries, particularly in traditional art and painting.
- Synthetic Organic Pigments: These pigments are created through chemical processes, often using coal tars or other petrochemicals. Examples include phthalocyanine blue and quinacridone red. Synthetic organic pigments offer a wide range of vibrant and durable colors, making them popular choices for modern art and industrial applications.
- Inorganic Pigments: These pigments are produced through chemical reactions involving various inorganic compounds. Examples include cadmium yellow and titanium white. Inorganic pigments are known for their high opacity and vibrant hues.
Modern pigments have replaced some traditional pigments due to factors like cost, toxicity, and availability. For example, vermillion, once a common red pigment made from mercury, has been replaced by cadmium reds.
The specific process for making a pigment depends on the type and intended use. Some pigments are simply ground and processed from natural sources, while others require complex chemical synthesis.
