The two major types of pigments are organic and inorganic. This classification is based on their chemical structure and origin.
Organic Pigments
Organic pigments are derived from carbon-based compounds. They often exhibit vibrant and intense colors. Many are synthetically produced, offering a wide range of hues and properties tailored for specific applications.
- Examples: Azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments. These are commonly used in paints, inks, plastics, and textiles.
Inorganic Pigments
Inorganic pigments are derived from minerals and other non-carbon-based sources. They are generally more stable and resistant to fading than organic pigments. Their color range is typically less diverse than organic pigments, but they often possess unique properties like high opacity and heat resistance.
- Examples: Titanium dioxide (white), iron oxides (reds, yellows, browns), ultramarine blue. These are often used in construction materials, cosmetics, and ceramics.
While the initial question implies a simple binary classification, the specifics of pigment types are more nuanced and depend on the context (e.g., plant pigments versus industrial pigments). The provided references highlight additional classifications within these broader categories. For instance, carotenoids are a type of organic pigment further subdivided into carotenes and xanthophylls. Similarly, the types of pigment gallstones (black and earthy brown) represent a specific classification relevant to medicine.
