The main reason many vitamins and supplements are large is due to the need to include adequate amounts of various ingredients. This means that a large pill might be necessary to ensure the delivery of a sufficient and effective dose.
For example, calcium supplements often come in large pills because a high dose of calcium is required to provide the necessary benefits. Multivitamins, especially prenatal vitamins, are typically large because they contain a wide range of vitamins and minerals crucial for a healthy pregnancy.
Another reason for large pills is that some ingredients have a limited solubility, meaning they don't dissolve easily. These ingredients often require a larger pill to provide the necessary surface area for dissolving and absorption.
In summary, the size of vitamins and supplements is determined by the required dosage of different ingredients, their solubility, and the overall effectiveness of the product.