Chorionic villi are tiny, finger-like projections that sprout from the chorion—the outer membrane surrounding a developing fetus. They are a crucial part of the placenta, significantly increasing the surface area for exchange between the mother's and baby's blood. This allows for the efficient transfer of nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and the removal of waste products. Importantly, chorionic villi share the same genetic material as the baby.
Function and Importance in Pregnancy
- Nutrient and Gas Exchange: Chorionic villi maximize contact with the mother's blood, facilitating the vital transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products. [Britannica]
- Genetic Material: They possess the same genetic makeup as the developing fetus, making them a valuable source for prenatal genetic testing. [Reference 1]
- Placental Formation: They are an essential component in the formation and function of the placenta, the organ responsible for nourishing and supporting the growing fetus throughout pregnancy. [Wikipedia]
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
Chorionic villi are the target tissue in a prenatal diagnostic procedure called Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS). CVS is a test used to detect chromosomal abnormalities and certain genetic disorders in the developing fetus. During CVS, a small sample of chorionic villi is taken and analyzed in a laboratory. [Johns Hopkins Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, NHS, MedlinePlus Medical Test, KidsHealth]
- Early Detection: CVS is typically performed earlier in pregnancy than amniocentesis, offering earlier detection of potential problems. [CDC]
- Not Always Necessary: CVS is not routinely recommended for all pregnancies; it is generally offered to women at higher risk of having a baby with a genetic condition. [Cleveland Clinic, KidsHealth]
