The question "What is the difference between theory of planning and theory of planning?" is inherently confusing, as it asks for the difference between the same phrase. To address this, we'll interpret the query as asking for clarification on different facets within planning theory, assuming it's a request for distinguishing between types or approaches within the broader field. Therefore, we can interpret this question to refer to differences within planning theory such as focusing on planning's content vs. planning's form/approach.
Here's a breakdown of how we can differentiate perspectives within planning theory:
Understanding Planning Theory: Content vs. Process
Planning theory isn't a monolithic entity. It encompasses diverse perspectives and approaches. One significant distinction lies between theories focused on the content of planning and those concerned with the process of planning.
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Theory in planning (Content-focused): This focuses on what planners plan. It deals with the substance of planning decisions, such as land use, transportation, housing, or environmental protection. It considers the specific policies, strategies, and goals within a particular domain. Theories of urban economics, sustainable development, or transportation planning fall under this umbrella.
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Theory of planning (Process-focused): This centers on how planning is done. It examines the methodologies, approaches, and styles that planners employ. It explores concepts like collaborative planning, advocacy planning, communicative planning, or rational planning. These theories address the power dynamics, ethical considerations, and communication strategies inherent in the planning process.
Tabular Comparison
| Feature | Theory in Planning (Content) | Theory of Planning (Process) |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | What is being planned. | How planning is conducted. |
| Scope | Specific policy areas (housing, transport, environment, etc.) | Planning methodologies and approaches. |
| Examples | Urban economics, environmental planning theory | Collaborative planning, advocacy planning, rational planning |
| Key Questions | What are the best land-use policies? | How can planning be more inclusive and equitable? |
Examples to Illustrate the Difference
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Scenario: Developing a transportation plan.
- Theory in planning: Examines traffic models, transportation economics, and the environmental impact of different transportation modes. It deals with the content of the transportation plan (e.g. light rail vs bus rapid transit).
- Theory of planning: Considers public participation strategies, stakeholder engagement, and conflict resolution methods used in the planning process. It addresses how the plan is developed and who has influence over it.
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Scenario: Addressing affordable housing.
- Theory in planning: Looks at housing market dynamics, rent control policies, and the impact of zoning regulations on housing affordability. It focuses on the policies within the plan.
- Theory of planning: Analyzes the power structures that perpetuate housing inequality and explores ways to empower marginalized communities in the planning process. It emphasizes the process of planning for affordable housing.
Conclusion
While the initial question appeared redundant, it highlights the potential for confusion surrounding different aspects within planning theory. By distinguishing between theory in planning (content-focused) and theory of planning (process-focused), we gain a clearer understanding of the diverse perspectives and approaches that shape the field. Understanding this distinction is crucial for planners to engage critically with the complexities of the planning process and to develop effective and equitable solutions.
