Permanent tissues are formed through the differentiation of meristematic tissues. This process involves cells losing their capacity to divide and taking on specific shapes, sizes, and functions.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
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Meristematic Tissue: These are actively dividing tissues found in specific regions of the plant, such as the tips of roots and shoots. Meristematic cells are undifferentiated and have the potential to develop into various types of cells.
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Differentiation: As meristematic cells divide, some of the daughter cells undergo differentiation. This is a complex process where cells change their structure and function to become specialized.
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Loss of Division Capacity: During differentiation, cells typically lose their ability to divide. This is a key characteristic of permanent tissues.
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Specific Functions: Differentiated cells take on specific roles within the plant. Examples include:
- Parenchyma: These cells are involved in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion.
- Collenchyma: These cells provide flexible support to plant organs.
- Sclerenchyma: These cells provide rigid support and protection.
- Xylem: This tissue transports water and minerals throughout the plant.
- Phloem: This tissue transports sugars and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.
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Permanent Tissue Formation: The differentiated cells with their specific functions collectively form permanent tissues, which make up the bulk of the plant body.
In essence, meristematic tissue acts as a source of new cells, and permanent tissues are the result of these cells maturing and specializing.
