Plants themselves generally don't produce ammonia de novo (from scratch). Instead, the primary way plants acquire ammonia is through a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These bacteria, residing in specialized plant cells, convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.
The Role of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
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Nitrogen Fixation: Certain bacteria, such as rhizobia found in the root nodules of legumes (e.g., beans, peas, clover), possess the enzyme nitrogenase. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3).
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Symbiotic Relationship: This process occurs within a symbiotic relationship. The plant provides the bacteria with a suitable environment and carbohydrates (energy), while the bacteria provide the plant with usable ammonia.
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Ammonia Transport: Once the ammonia is produced by the bacteria within the nodules, specialized ammonium transporters facilitate its movement from the bacteria to the plant cytoplasm.
Simplified Explanation
In simple terms, plants get ammonia primarily by outsourcing its production. They partner with bacteria that can "fix" nitrogen from the air, turning it into ammonia that the plant can use. Plants then transport the ammonia into their cells with the help of special proteins.
