The plant life cycle describes the series of stages a plant goes through during its life, from seed to maturity and reproduction. It's a continuous process, with each stage playing a vital role in the plant's survival and propagation.
Here's a breakdown of the common stages:
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Seed Germination: This is the beginning! The seed sprouts and begins to grow, requiring water, oxygen, and often suitable temperature and light conditions.
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Seedling Formation: After germination, a small plant called a seedling emerges. It develops roots to absorb water and nutrients from the soil and cotyledons or seed leaves for initial energy.
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Growth and Development: The seedling grows into a mature plant. This involves photosynthesis, where the plant uses sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce food. Development includes the formation of stems, leaves, and roots. Differentiation of cells also occurs, leading to specialized tissues and organs.
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Reproduction (Pollination and Fertilization): Many plants reproduce sexually. Pollination is the transfer of pollen (containing sperm) to the female part of the flower (pistil). Fertilization occurs when the sperm fuses with the egg inside the ovule.
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Fruit and Seed Formation: After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed, and the ovary (surrounding the ovule) often develops into a fruit. The fruit serves to protect the seed and aid in its dispersal.
The cycle then repeats as the seeds are dispersed and germinate, giving rise to new plants. The specific details of the life cycle can vary significantly depending on the type of plant (e.g., annuals, biennials, perennials).
