Angiosperm stems exhibit various forms adapted for specific functions, primarily for support, transport, and storage. The three main modified types of angiosperm stems are stolons, rhizomes, and bulbs.
Types of Angiosperm Stems:
-
Stolons (Above-Ground): These are horizontal stems that grow along the surface of the soil. They are also known as runners. Stolons allow the plant to spread and propagate vegetatively, forming new plants at nodes along their length.
- Function: Facilitate rapid spread and asexual reproduction.
- Example: Strawberries and Bermuda grass.
-
Rhizomes (Underground): These are horizontal stems that grow underground. They store food reserves and have nodes that can send up new shoots and roots, allowing the plant to spread.
- Function: Food storage and vegetative propagation.
- Example: Ginger, irises, and ferns.
-
Bulbs (Fleshy Stems): These are short, modified stems surrounded by fleshy leaves or leaf bases that store food. They are typically underground and act as storage organs.
- Function: Nutrient storage for dormancy and regrowth.
- Example: Onions, tulips, and lilies.
| Stem Type | Location | Primary Function | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stolon | Aboveground | Asexual Reproduction | Strawberry |
| Rhizome | Underground | Food Storage, Asexual Reproduction | Ginger |
| Bulb | Underground | Nutrient Storage | Onion |
These specialized stem structures enable angiosperms to thrive in diverse environments by optimizing resource storage, propagation, and survival. Understanding these stem types is crucial for comprehending plant growth patterns and adaptation strategies.
