A modified root is a root that has adapted its structure and function beyond its primary role of anchoring a plant and absorbing water and nutrients. These modifications often involve changes in shape and size, primarily to serve as storage organs for food or water.
Types of Modified Roots
Modified roots come in various forms, each adapted to specific functions:
- Spindle-shaped: Like a radish, storing nutrients in a long, tapered shape.
- Top-shaped: Similar to a beet or turnip, with a wide top and tapering base.
- Cone-like: Resembling a carrot, with a pointed end and widening towards the top.
- Indefinite shape: Such as sweet potatoes, with irregular forms and numerous smaller roots.
Examples of plants with modified roots include:
- Radish: A classic example of a spindle-shaped modified root.
- Beet: Displays a top-shaped modified root.
- Turnip: Also a good example of a top-shaped modified root.
- Carrot: Shows the cone-like form of a modified root.
- Sweet potato: Illustrates the irregular form of modified roots.
- Dahlia: Stores food in its modified root system.
- Asparagus: Has modified roots aiding in its growth and survival.
- Portulaca: Another example of a plant that utilizes modified roots.
The reference material notes that these modified roots are typically swollen, adapting these different shapes for effective food storage. This adaptation is a crucial survival mechanism, allowing the plant to survive periods of drought or nutrient scarcity.
