Plants obtain nutrients from water by absorbing a dilute solution of mineral nutrients through their roots. This nutrient-rich water, called sap, travels from cell to cell in the root tissue and then ascends through the xylem vessels within the plant's stem. The xylem acts like a network of pipes, delivering the mineral nutrients to various plant tissues for processing and growth.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
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Absorption by Roots: Plant roots have specialized structures that increase the surface area for absorption. They absorb water along with dissolved mineral nutrients from the surrounding soil.
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Nutrient Solution (Sap): The water absorbed contains essential mineral nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and various micronutrients. These nutrients are dissolved in the water, forming a dilute solution called sap.
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Movement Across Root Tissues: The sap moves from the outer cells of the root towards the inner vascular tissues. This movement occurs from cell to cell.
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Xylem Transport: Once the sap reaches the xylem vessels, it is transported upwards through the stem to all parts of the plant, including leaves, flowers, and fruits. The xylem is a specialized vascular tissue that acts as a highway for water and nutrient transport.
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Nutrient Delivery and Processing: The mineral nutrients are delivered to the plant tissues, where they are used for various metabolic processes, including photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and enzyme production.
In summary, plants utilize a sophisticated system of root absorption and xylem transport to extract and distribute nutrients dissolved in water throughout their bodies.
