Seeds are formed after fertilization of the ovule within a flower. Here's a detailed breakdown of the process:
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Pollination: This is the transfer of pollen grains from the stamen (male part) to the pistil (female part) of a flower. Pollination can occur through various agents such as wind, insects, birds, or other animals.
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Fertilization: Once pollen reaches the pistil, a pollen tube grows down the style to reach the ovule inside the ovary. Male gametes (sperm) from the pollen grain travel down the pollen tube and fertilize the female gamete (egg) within the ovule.
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Ovule Development: After fertilization, the ovule undergoes significant changes. The fertilized egg develops into an embryo, which is the young plant. The integuments (outer layers) of the ovule harden and develop into the seed coat, which protects the embryo.
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Seed Formation: The entire ovule, now containing the embryo and protected by the seed coat, matures into a seed. The seed also contains a food supply (endosperm or cotyledons) to nourish the developing seedling during germination.
In summary, seeds are the result of sexual reproduction in plants, formed when the ovule is fertilized, and subsequently develops into a protective structure containing the plant embryo and a food source.
