What Diseases Affect Platelets?
Many diseases and conditions can affect platelets, impacting their number and function. This can lead to bleeding problems (if platelet count is low or function is impaired) or clotting problems (if platelet count is too high).
Platelet disorders encompass a wide range of conditions affecting either the quantity or quality of platelets. These can be broadly categorized as follows:
1. Disorders Affecting Platelet Count:
-
Thrombocytopenia: This refers to a low platelet count. It can be caused by various factors including:
- Autoimmune disorders: Conditions like lupus, thyroid disease, sarcoidosis, and scleroderma can attack and destroy platelets. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia can also contribute.
- Blood and bone marrow diseases: Aplastic anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and leukemia can all impact platelet production.
- Hemolysis: The destruction of red blood cells can sometimes affect platelets as well.
- Certain medications: Some drugs can suppress platelet production or increase their breakdown.
- Viral infections: Some viral infections can temporarily decrease platelet counts.
-
Thrombocytosis/Thrombocythemia: This indicates a higher-than-normal platelet count, increasing the risk of blood clot formation. The underlying causes are varied and often require further investigation.
2. Disorders Affecting Platelet Function:
These conditions involve platelets that, even if present in normal numbers, don't function correctly, leading to impaired clotting. Examples include:
- Inherited platelet function disorders: These are genetic conditions affecting platelet structure or function. Bernard-Soulier syndrome is an example, characterized by unusually large platelets with impaired function.
- Acquired platelet function disorders: These can be caused by factors such as certain medications, autoimmune diseases, or other medical conditions.
Examples of Specific Diseases:
- Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP): An autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets.
- Paris-Trousseau syndrome: A rare condition associated with thrombocytosis.
This information is based on the provided links and general medical knowledge. Always consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any suspected platelet disorder.
