Several diseases can lead to a decreased platelet count, a condition called thrombocytopenia. This happens because the body either doesn't produce enough platelets or destroys existing ones.
Viral Infections
Many viral infections can cause the body to destroy platelets. These include:
- HIV
- Hepatitis C
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Parvovirus
- Mumps
- Varicella (chickenpox)
- Rubella (German measles)
- Zika virus
Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, frequently target platelets. Examples include:
- Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP): This is a common autoimmune disorder where antibodies mistakenly destroy platelets. [Source: Mayo Clinic, Better Health Channel, Johns Hopkins Medicine, NHLBI, NIH]
- Lupus
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Bacterial Infections
Certain bacterial infections can also contribute to platelet destruction or reduced production:
- Helicobacter pylori
- Leptospirosis
- Brucellosis
- Anaplasmosis (and other tick-borne illnesses)
Sepsis
Sepsis, a life-threatening condition caused by the body's overwhelming response to an infection, can suppress bone marrow function, leading to reduced platelet production. [Source: Provided reference]
Other Causes
Other conditions can impact platelet levels, either by directly destroying them or indirectly affecting their production:
- Bone marrow disorders: The bone marrow is where platelets are made; diseases affecting the bone marrow can result in insufficient platelet production. [Source: Cleveland Clinic]
It's crucial to remember that thrombocytopenia itself isn't a disease but rather a symptom of an underlying condition. Diagnosing the root cause is essential for effective treatment.
