The organisms that cause pleural effusion can vary, but certain bacteria are frequently implicated, especially in cases related to pneumonia and post-surgical complications.
Based on the provided reference, the following organisms are significant causes of pleural effusion, particularly in the context of parapneumonic effusions, empyema thoracis (a type of pleural effusion), and complications following cardiothoracic surgery:
- Staphylococcus species
- Gram-negative bacteria
Pleural effusion often results from infection or inflammation in the pleural space, and these bacterial pathogens are commonly involved. According to the reference, pneumonia is a leading cause of parapneumonic effusions and empyema thoracis. Additionally, post-cardiothoracic surgery complications increasingly contribute to empyema cases, with Staphylococcus species and Gram-negative bacteria being usual suspects.
In summary, while other causes of pleural effusion exist (such as heart failure, malignancy, and pulmonary embolism), the specified organisms are key players when the effusion is related to infection or surgical complications.
